Organic compounds

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to organic compounds having the ability to reduce or suppress the onset of skin irritation induced by extraneous cause selected from the group of 2-heptylcyclopentanone, 2-ethoxynaphthalene; 2-methoxynaphthalene; 1-methoxy-4-(prop-1-enyl)benzene; 1-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4-methoxybenzene; 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
         
         
           
             wherein X, Y, and R 1  to R 11  have the same meaning as given in the description. 
           
         
       
    
     Furthermore the invention refers to compositions for topical application to the skin comprising them. It further relates to a method of reducing or suppressing the formation of skin irritation.

The present invention relates to organic compounds having the ability to reduce or suppress the formation of skin irritation induced by extraneous causes, and to compositions comprising them for topical application to the skin. It further relates to a method of reducing or suppressing the onset of skin irritation by extraneous causes.

The human skin is constantly exposed to environmental stresses, such as heat and cold, air pollution, exceptionally dry air or exaggerated UV irradiation. A further form of stress can come from the application of cosmetic products or personal wash products. For example, certain soap acids and some surfactants, in particular anionic and cationic surfactants, are known to stress the skin. Antiperspirant salts, such as aluminum salts and zirconium salts contained in antiperspirant products, retinol and derivatives thereof contained in anti-aging products, α-hydroxy acids such as glycolic acid or lactic acid contained in anti-wrinkle products are also known to stress the skin.

It is known from the art that prostaglandins are mediators being formed upon a wide variety of different forms of external stress applied to the human skin, which may become apparent in redness of the skin, particularly on normal, healthy skin. Thus there is a need for additives in topical application compositions, such as cosmetic products and personal wash products, which suppress or reduce the formation of prostaglandins, in particular prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂).

Surprisingly the inventors have found that certain classes of chemical compounds, most of which are known as fragrance ingredients, have the ability to reduce or suppress the formation of prostaglandins in skin cells.

Thus the present invention refers in one aspect to the use of a compound for the preparation of topical skin care compositions for reduction of skin irritation, wherein the compound is selected from the list consisting of

-   -   (a) compounds of the formula

-   -   -   wherein         -   R is hydrogen or isopropyl;         -   R¹ is methyl or ethyl; and R² is C₁-C₆ alkyl or C₂-C₆             alkenyl; or         -   R¹ and R² together with the carbon atom to which they are             attached form a C₅ or C₆ cycloalkyl ring; and         -   the dotted line together with the carbon carbon bond             represents a single bond or a double bond;

    -   (b) compounds of the formula

-   -   -   wherein Y is a C₄-C₇ hydrocarbon residue, e.g. cyclohexyl,             n-hexyl, n-pentyl, iso-butyl, cis-3-hexen-1-yl, phenethyl,             and 1-methyl-hex-3-en-1-yl;

    -   (c) compounds of the formula

-   -   -   wherein         -   R⁴ is methyl or ethyl and         -   I) R³ is hydrogen and R⁵ is —CH₂—O—R⁶, wherein R⁶ is methyl             or isopropyl; or         -   II) R³ is —C(O)—R⁷, wherein R⁷ is benzyl, and R⁵ is             —CH₂—CH═CH₂,

    -   (d) compounds of the formula

-   -   -   wherein         -   R⁸ is methyl, C₃-C₄ alkyl, C₃-C₄ alkenyl, —(CH₂)₂-Ph, or             —CH═CH-Ph;         -   X is —CH═CH—CH₂— or —(CH₂)_(n)—, wherein n is 1 or 2; and         -   R⁹ is isobutyl or phenylethyl;

    -   (e) compounds of the formula

-   -   -   wherein         -   R¹⁰ is hydrogen or methyl; and         -   R¹¹ is a C₃-C₄ alkyl, e.g. isopropyl, isobutyl or             tert-butyl,

    -   and

    -   (f) 2-heptylcyclopentanone, 2-ethoxynaphthalene,         2-methoxynaphthalene, 1-methoxy-4-(prop-1-enyl)benzene and         1-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4-methoxybenzene.

Particularly preferred is the use of compounds selected from the list consisting of 2-cyclohexylidene-2-phenylacetonitrile, 2-cyclopentylidene-2-phenylacetonitrile, 3-ethyl-2-phenylpent-2-enenitrile, 2-ethoxy-4-(isopropoxymethyl)phenol, 2-ethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)phenol, phenethyl cinnamate, 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenyl 2-phenylacetate, n-hexyl salicylate, cis-3-hexen-1-yl salicylate, cyclohexylsalicylate (=cyclohexyl 2-hydroxybenzoate), amylsalicylate (=pentyl 2-hydroxybenzoate), isobutylsalicylate (=isobutyl 2-hydroxybenzoate), phenylethyl benzoate, benzyl 2-methylbut-2-enoate, 2-methyl-3-(4-isopropylphenyl)propanal, isobutyl benzoate, cinnamyl cinnamate, phenethyl salicylate, 2-methyl-3-(4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl)propanal, 2-heptylcyclopentanone, 2-ethoxynaphthalene, 2-methoxynaphthalene, 1-methoxy-4-(prop-1-enyl)benzene, phenethyl pivalate, 1-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4-methoxybenzene, cinnamyl acetate, 3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)propanal, phenethyl 2-methylbutanoate, and phenethyl isobutyrate.

The availability of a greater number of compounds, which in addition to their odoriferous properties, have the ability to reduce or suppress the formation of skin irritation provides the perfumer with an adequate amount of molecules some of which posses quite varied odor notes, to create hedonically attractive fragrance compositions while providing reduction of skin irritation and/or redness reduction activity to the skin to which it is applied. In particular, the use of multiple perfume ingredients permits the design of hedonically attractive fragrance accords.

The actives for reducing skin irritation as hereinabove described may be combined with all known odorant molecules selected from the extensive range of natural products and synthetic molecules currently available, such as essential oils, alcohols, aldehydes and ketones, ethers and acetals, esters and lactones, macrocycles and heterocycles, and/or in admixture with one or more ingredients or excipients conventionally used in conjunction with odorants in fragrance compositions, for example, carrier materials, and other auxiliary agents commonly used in the art. Such ingredients are, for example, described in “Perfume and Flavor Materials of Natural Origin”, S. Arctander, Ed., Elizabeth, N.J., 1960; “Perfume and Flavor Chemicals”, S. Arctander, Ed., Vol. I & II, Allured Publishing Corporation, Carol Stream, USA, 1994; and “International cosmetic ingredient dictionary” 6^(th) ed., The Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association, Inc., Washington, 1995.

While lower concentrations of the active compound show an effect in a cell culture system, as can be seen from the examples, higher concentrations in personal care products are necessary to allow for an effective concentration on the human skin even if, for example part of the product may be removed by abrasion of clothes or may be diluted by sweat. Furthermore, the healthy skin acts as a barrier which limits the penetration of the active compounds. Generally, the concentration of active compound needed for efficaciousness on skin is from about 50 to 100 times higher than that needed in in-vitro tests. The usual perfume concentration in a topical cosmetic product is about 0.3 to 2% by weight. In general, the amount of actives applied is in the range of from 0.2 to 2% by weight, based on the end-product applied to the skin, the amounts applied usually being in the range of from 0.3 to 1% by weight.

Thus the present invention refers in a further aspect to fragrance compositions comprising at least 30 weight % based on the total fragrance composition of at least two actives for reducing skin irritation as hereinabove described.

Whereas some active compounds may be used in relatively high amounts in a fragrance composition others which are known to be very powerful odorants, such as Neroline™ and Propyl Diantilis, may be used only in smaller amounts in order to avoid negatively effecting the overall hedonic impression of the fragrance composition. In general, as the overall proportion of the active compound in the fragrance composition rises, so should the number of active compounds used. For example, a fragrance composition comprising more than 40 weight % of active compounds should preferably contain at least 4 different actives, a fragrance composition comprising more than 50 weight % of active compounds should preferably contain at least 5 different actives, and a fragrance compositions comprising more than 60 weight % of active compounds should preferably contain at least 6 different actives. Thus, in a further aspect the present invention refers to fragrance compositions comprising at least 30 weight % of at least three, four or five actives for reducing skin irritation. Optionally the fragrance composition according to the present invention comprises at least two, three or four actives of which are selected from a different group of compounds, namely group (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), and (f) as hereinabove described.

From a hedonic point of view the actives are selected from two different group of compounds. In particular embodiments are fragrance compositions comprising a compound of formula (a) and a compound of formula (b), and fragrance compositions comprising a compound of formula (c) and a compound of formula (d) or (d′). As can be seen from the examples, fragrance compositions which are both hedonically attractive and which have irritation reducing properties may be prepared, for example, if the composition comprises at least four active compounds, each of which is selected from a different group of compounds.

In an other embodiment the invention is directed to fragrance compositions comprising

(a) at least one compound of the formula

-   -   wherein     -   R is hydrogen or isopropyl;     -   R¹ is methyl or ethyl; and R² is C₁-C₆ alkyl or C₂-C₆ alkenyl;         or     -   R¹ and R² together with the carbon atom to which they are         attached form a C₅ or C₆ cycloalkyl ring; and     -   the dotted line together with the carbon carbon bond represents         a single bond or a double bond;         (b) at least one compound of the formula

-   -   wherein Y is a C₄-C₇ hydrocarbon residue, e.g. cyclohexyl,         n-hexyl, n-pentyl, iso-butyl, cis-3-hexen-1-yl, phenethyl, and         1-methyl-hex-3-en-1-yl;         (c) at least one compound of the formula

-   -   wherein     -   R⁴ is methyl or ethyl and     -   I) R³ is hydrogen and R⁵ is —CH₂—O—R⁶, wherein R⁶ is methyl or         isopropyl; or     -   II) R³ is —C(O)—R⁷, wherein R⁷ is benzyl, and R⁵ is —CH₂—CH═CH₂;         and         (d) at least one compound of the formula

-   -   wherein     -   R⁸ is methyl, C₃-C₄ alkyl, C₃-C₄ alkenyl, —(CH₂)₂-Ph, or         —CH═CH-Ph;     -   X is —CH═CH—CH₂— or —(CH₂)_(n)—, wherein n is 1 or 2; and     -   R⁹ is isobutyl or phenylethyl.

Furthermore, the present invention refers to topical skin care compositions, such as cosmetic products and personal wash products, comprising about 0.2 to about 3 weight %, preferably about 0.5 to about 2.5 weight % of a fragrance composition, the fragrance composition containing at least 30 weight % of at least two actives selected from the group (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), and (f) as hereinabove described, with the proviso that the topical skin care composition comprises at least 0.2 weight % of actives based on the total amount of the skin composition. In particular embodiments are topical skin care compositions wherein the fragrance composition containing a compound of formula (a) and a compound of formula (b), and topical skin care composition wherein the fragrance composition containing a compound of formula (c) and a compound of formula (d) or (d′).

In another aspect the present invention is directed to a method of reducing the onset of skin irritation by applying to the skin an effective amount of a topical skin care composition comprising a fragrance composition, the fragrance composition containing at least 30 weight % based on the total fragrance composition of at least two actives as defined hereinabove, with the proviso that the topical skin care composition comprises at least 0.2 weight % of actives based on the total amount of the skin composition.

An “effective amount” is generally achieved if about 5-50 mg/cm² skin or about 0.05 to about 0.5 mm thick film of the topical skin product is applied to the skin.

As used within the meaning of the present invention the expression “at least 30 weight %” includes fragrance compositions comprising at least 35, 40 or even 45 or 50 weight % of at least two actives as defined hereinabove. The term “actives” and “active compounds” as used within the meaning of the present invention refers to all compounds selected from the list of compounds of formula (a), (b), (c), (d), (d′), (e) and 2-heptylcyclopentanone, 2-ethoxynaphthalene, 2-methoxynaphthalene, 1-methoxy-4-(prop-1-enyl)benzene and 1-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4-methoxybenzene.

Topical skin care compositions of the present invention may be divided into two classes of products, that is, cosmetic products and topical washing products, and may include but is not limited to antiperspirants, deodorants, day and night creams, shaving products, hand creams, body lotions, hair shampoo and conditioners, lipsticks, after-sun products, hand lotions, foundation creams, moisturizing creams, skin food, skin tonics, skin lightening products and overnight facial masks. The compositions may be in any form. These forms may include lotions, creams, sticks, roll-on formulations, mousses, aerosol sprays, pad-applied formulations, powders, tonics, and emulsions (oil-in-water, water-in-oil, or mixed emulsion systems).

The invention is now further described with reference to the following non-limiting examples. All of the amounts are given as percentage amounts by weight, unless otherwise indicated.

EXAMPLE 1 Screening for Compounds Protecting Keratinocytes Against Irritating Agents

Normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) were obtained from skin biopsies and maintained as described by Rheinwald and Green (cell, 6:331-344, 1975) in keratinocyte growth medium supplemented with 10% heat inactivated fetal calf serum at a humidity of 98% in a 5% carbon dioxide atmosphere. A confluent culture was trypsinated and adjusted to a density of 5×10⁴ cells/ml. The cells were then seeded in the same medium but with only 1% fetal calf serum in 24 well plates and cultivated for a period of 48 h. A model irritating agent was then applied to the cells by adding calcimycin to a final level of 2.5 μM. The individual compounds, as listed below, dissolved in DMSO were added simultaneously. The final concentration of the compounds was 50 μM or 10 μM, the final DMSO concentration was adjusted to 1% (v/v). Parallel treatments received no calcimycin (non-irritated control) or calcimycin without compounds according to the present invention (irritated control). The DMSO concentration was adjusted to 1% in all these control treatments. After 24 h incubation, the supernatant of the cells was harvested, diluted 1:1 and added to an enzyme linked immunoassay kit for the specific detection of prostaglandin E₂ as a marker of cellular irritation (Product #404110, Neogen corporation, Lexington Ky. 40505, USA). The prostaglandin levels in treated cell cultures were compared to the irritated and non-irritated control cultures in order to determine the relative inhibition of PGE₂ formation. Results for the individual compounds are listed below.

relative inhibition in % of PGE₂ formation in keratinocyte cultures at Compound 50 μM 10 μM PEONILE ® (2-cyclohexylidene-2- 93.3 92.4 phenylacetonitrile) PROPYL DIANTILIS 90.9 95.1 (2-Ethoxy-4-(isopropoxymethyl)phenol) METHYL DIANTILIS ® n.d. 88.2 (2-Ethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)phenol) Phenethyl cinnamate 91.7 93.6 EUGENYL PHENYL ACETATE 96.6 99 (Phenyl 2-(4-allyl-2-methoxyphenyl)acetate) n-Hexyl salicylate 82.9 91.6 cis-3-Hexen-1-yl salicylate 94.8 81.4 Cyclohexyl salicylate 97.4 76.6 Amyl salicylate 89.8 73.5 Isobutyl salicylate 69.1 73.1 Phenethyl benzoate 92.4 56.9 TIGLATE BENZYLE (benzyl 2-methylbut-2-enoate) 72.4 50.2 CYCLAMEN ALDEHYDE ™ 82.0 32 (2-Methyl-3-(4-isopropylphenyl)propanal) Isobutyl benzoate 52.5 n.d. Cinnamyl cinnamate 64.0 n.d. Phenethyl salicylate 50.9 n.d. SILVIAL ® 62.7 n.d. (2-Methyl-3-(4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl)propanal) ALISMONE ™ (2-heptylcyclopentanone) 92.4 47 NEROLINE ™ CRIST (2-ethoxynaphthalene) 83 50.2 YARA YARA ™ (2-methoxynaphthalene) 78 46 ANETHOLE (1-methoxy-4-(prop-1-enyl)benzene) 51 n.d. CENTIFOLYL ™ (phenethyl pivalate) 39 n.d. TOSCANOL ® (1-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4- 56.7 n.d. methoxybenzene) Cinnamyl acetate 47.8 n.d. BOURGEONAL ™ (3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)propanal) 65.0 n.d. ANATOLYL ™ (phenethyl 2-methylbutanoate) 50.5 n.d. Phenethyl isobutyrate 44.8 n.d. 2-Cyclopentylidene-2-phenylacetonitrile 80.8 71.1 3-Ethyl-2-phenylpent-2-enenitrile 73.2 63.9 n.d. = not determined

Similar results as listed above were obtained by irritation of the cells either by UVB irradiation or exposure to the skin cells to irritating cationic surfactant benzalkonium chloride.

EXAMPLE 2 Fragrance Compositions with the Properties to Reduce or Suppress the Formation of Skin Irritation 2.1 Floral Fragrance Composition No. 1

parts by weight 1/100 Peonile ® 18.90 Alismone ™ 5.30 Cyclohexyl salicylate 12.10 Silvial ® 6.80 Toscanol ® 0.15 Floral fragrance base 56.75

2.2 Floral Fragrance Composition No. 2

parts by weight 1/100 PEONILE ® 1.00 PROPYL DIANTILIS 0.01 Phenethyl cinnamate 0.20 Hexyl salicylate 40.00 cis-3-Hexen-1-yl salicylate 1.00 Amyl salicylate 3.00 NEROLINE ™ 0.10 Floral fragrance base 54.69

2.3 Floral-Fruity Fragrance Composition No. 3

parts by weight 1/900 Citronellyl acetate 10 Cyclamen aldehyde ™* 3 Ambrettolide (oxacycloheptadec-10-en-2-one) 40 Ambrofix (CAS No. 6790-58-5) 10% in dipropyleneglycol 8 Bourgeonal ™* 30 Centifolyl ™* 45 Dihydromyrcenol (2,6-dimethyloct-7-en-2-ol) 8 Ethyllinalool (3,7-dimethyl-1,6-nonadien-3-ol) 45 Florol ® (tetrahydro-2-isobutyl-4-methyl-2H-pyran-4-ol) 25 Galaxolide ® (1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethyl-cyclopenta- 12 gamma-2-benzopyran) 50% dissolved in isopropylmyristate Hedione ® (methyl 2-(3-oxo-2-pentylcyclopentyl)acetate) 250 Cis-3-hexenol 10% in dipropyleneglycol 3 Phenethyl isobutyrate* 25 Ethyl-2-methyl-butyrate 10% in dipropyleneglycol 3 Neroline ™* 10% in dipropyleneglycol 2 Orange essence brazil 15 Pomarose (5,6,7-trimethylocta-2,5-dien-4-one) 10% in dipropyleneglycol 3 Prunella ® subst (compounded perfumery base from Firmenich) 3 Cyclohexyl salicylate* 75 cis-3-Hexen-1-yl salicylate* 100 n-Hexyl salicylate* 20 Phenylethyl salicylate* 80 Silvial ®* 45 Tropional (2-methyl-3-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)propanal) 40 Velvione ® (5-cyclohexadecen-1-one) 10 All ingredients marked with an * are active compounds having the ability to reduce or suppress the formation of skin irritation, as defined according to the present invention. The fragrance composition No. 3 comprises 47 weight % of actives.

2.4 Floral-Fruity Fragrance Composition No. 4

parts by weight 1/900 Benzyl-acetate 14 2-Phenylethanol 200 Cyclamen aldehyde ™* 3 Bourgeonal ™* 3 Centifolyl ™* 80 Phenethyl-cinnamate* 25 Citronellol 25 1-(1,1-Dimethoxypropan-2-yl)benzene 8 Dione (2-[2-(3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl)-1-ethanone]cyclopentanone) 3 10% in dipropyleneglycol Dipropyleneglycol 128 Gardenol (alpha-Methylbenzyl acetate) 5 Georgywood (1-(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-1,1,7,8-tetramethyl- 2 naphthalen-7-yl)ethanone) Geraniol 30 Hedione ® 70 Heliotropine 4 Indolene (8-(1H-indol-2-yl)-8-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2,6-dimethyloctan-2-ol) 1 Isoraldeine 70 (mixture of 4/1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)- 25 3-methyl-3-buten-2-one) Methyl diantilise ®* 25 Neroline ™* 1 Patchouli essential oil rectified (origin: Indonesia) 2 Peach pure (5-heptyl-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one) 10 Pharaone (2-Cyclohexyl-1,6-heptadien-3-one) 1% in dipropyleneglycol 8 Pomarose 10% in dipropyleneglycol 3 Rose oxide 7 Cyclohexyl salicylate* 45 cis-3-Hexenyl salicylate* 55 n-Hexyl salicylate* 20 Phenethyl salicylate* 80 Vanillin 5 Viridine (phenylacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal) 3 Ylang Ylang essential oil 10 All ingredients marked with an * are active compounds having the ability to reduce or suppress the formation of skin irritation, as defined according to the present invention. The fragrance composition No. 3 comprises 37.4 weight % of actives.

2.5 Fresh, Woody Floral Fragrance Composition No. 5

parts by weight 1/1000 Azurone 10% in triethyl citrate 4 (7-(3-Methylbutyl)-2H-1,5-benzodioxepin-3(4H)-one) Ethyl vanilline 10% in DPG 4 Evernyl ™ (methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6- 2 dimethylbenzoate) Fixolide 55 (1-(3,5,5,6,8,8-hexamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen- 2-yl)ethanone) Florhydral ® (3-(3-isopropylphenyl)butanal) 5 Iso E super ™ 250 (1-(2,3,8,8-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydronaphthalen- 2-yl)ethanone) Kephalis 30 (4-(1-ethoxyvinyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethylcyclohexanone) Cyclohexal 80 Linalool (3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol) 40 Patchouli essential oil 10 Peonil ®* 100 Diethyl phthalate 60 Radjanol ™ (2-ethyl-4-(2,2,3-trimethyl-3-cyclopenten- 50 1-yl)-2-buten-1-ol) Phenethyl salicylate* 100 cis-3-Hexen-1-yl salicylate* 55 n-Hexyl salicylate* 55 Serenolide ™ 60 (2-(1-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexyl)ethoxy)-2-methylpropyl cyclopropanecarboxylate) Velvione ® 40 All ingredients marked with an * are active compounds having the ability to reduce or suppress the formation of skin irritation, as defined according to the present invention. The fragrance composition No. 5 comprises 31 weight % of actives.

2.6 Floral, Spicy, Green Fragrance Composition No. 6

parts by weight 1/948 Dimethyl benzyl carbinyl acetate 25 Linalyle acetate 70 Phenylethyl alcohol 75 Methyl anthranilate 3 Cosmone (3-methylcyclotetradec-5-enone) 40 Florol ® (2-isobutyl-4-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ol) 70 Galbanum oil 35 Gardenol 15 Hedione ® 55 Indole 1% in dipropyleneglycol (DPG) 45 Isoraldeine 70 80 Methyl diantilise ®* 45 Nirvanolide ™ (13-methyloxacyclopentadec-10-en-2-one) 45 Peche pure 3 Peonile ®* 55 EUGENYL PHENYL ACETATE* 20 Phenethyl salicylate* 100 Cis-3-Hexen-1-yl salicylate* 100 Vertofix coeur (methyl cedryl ketone) 55 Ylang Ylang essential oil 12 All ingredients marked with an * are active compounds having the ability to reduce or suppress the formation of skin irritation, as defined according to the present invention. The fragrance composition No. 6 comprises 33.7 weight % of actives.

2.7 Floral, Rosy, Fruity Fragrance Composition No. 7

parts by weight 1/825 Benzyl-acetate 20 2-Phenylethanol 200 Phenethyl benzoate* 130 Centifolyl ®* 45 Cinnamyl cinnamate* 10 Phenyl ethyl cinnamate* 52 Citronellol 45 Dihydrofarnesal ™ (3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-6,10-dienal) 20 Florhydral ™ (3-(3-isopropylphenyl)butanal) 3 Hedione ® 150 Phenethyl isobutyrate* 25 Isoraldeine 70 45 Methyl diantilis ®* 45 Peche pure 10 Rose oxide 10 Vanillin 15 All ingredients marked with an * are active compounds having the ability to reduce or suppress the formation of skin irritation, as defined according to the present invention. The fragrance composition No. 7 comprises 37.2 weight % of actives.

EXAMPLE 3 Effect of Fragrance Compositions on Keratinocyte Cultures

Keratinocytes were grown in 24 well plates and irritated with calcimycin as described in example 1. Fragrance compositions of example 2 were dissolved in DMSO and added to the cultures simultaneously. Inhibition of PGE₂ formation was measured as described in example 1. The results are listed in Table 1.

TABLE 1 Relative inhibition in % of PGE₂ formation at different concentration of test fragrance 12.5 ppm 6.25 ppm Composition No. 1 79.0 42.4 Composition No. 2 82.6 85.6 Floral fragrance base 0 0

As can been seen from the figures in Table 1, about 80% reduction of PGE₂ formation was observed at 12.5 ppm if a fragrance composition according to the present invention is applied, whereas using the floral fragrance base without actives, no measurable reduction of PGE₂ formation was observed.

EXAMPLE 4 Irritation Reducing Effects of a Hydrogel on Reconstituted Epidermis

A hydrogel was prepared as follows:

INGREDIENT SUPPLIER INCI NAME % W/W CARBOPOL 980 Goodrich Carbomer 0.50 PEMULEN TR1 Goodrich Acrylate/C10-030 0.20 Alkyl acrylate crosscopolymer LUBRAGEL CG Guardian Polyglycerylmethacrylate & 0.50 Propylene glycol UCON 75H450 Amerchol PEG/PPG-17/6 copolymer 1.00 GLYCERIN AMI Glycerin 4.00 HEXYLENE GLYCOL Hexylene Glycol 2.00 DEIONISED WATER Water qsq 100.00 GERMALL 115 Sutton Imidazolidinyl Urea 0.60 SODIUM HYDROXIDE Sodium Hydroxide 10% in water qsp pH = 5.50 CREMOPHOR RH 40 BASF PEG 40 Hydrogenated Castor oil 1.00 Glycerin and water were mixed, Carbopol 980 was dispersed, then Pemulen TR 1 and then the remaining ingredients were added.

Human reconstituted epidermis EpiDerm was purchased from Mattek (Ashland, USA). The cultures were exposed to a single Dose of 600 mJ UVB, and then either 50 mg phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or 50 mg of the above hydrogel was added on top of the individual EpiDerm cultures. After 24 h incubation, the culture medium beneath the air exposed EpiDerm cultures was sampled and analyzed for PGE₂ as described in example 1. All skin samples retained 100% cellular viability throughout the experiment. Skin samples treated with a hydrogel containing the inventive perfume composition 1 from example 2 suppressed UVB induced PGE₂ formation.

TABLE 2 level PGE₂ per ml t-test vs t-test vs culture medium control UVB irritation Control, no UVB 8.253 1.000 UVB 600 mJ, PBS 42.143 0.003 1.000 treatment UVB 600 mJ, 48.778 0.046 0.742 Hydrogel treatment UVB 600 mJ, 12.135 0.384 0.001 Hydrogel containing 0.5% (w/w) fragrance comp. No. 1

EXAMPLE 5 Antiperspirant with Reduced Irritation on Reconstituted Epidermis

An antiperspirant was formulated according the following formulation:

Weight % Water 67 Aluminium chlorohydrate 20 Glycerin 5 Sunflower oil 4 Steareth 2 3 Steareth-20 1

The following antiperspirant compositions had been prepared:

-   -   I) antiperspirant & 1 weight % conventional perfume A     -   II) antiperspirant & 0.5 weight % conventional perfume B     -   III) antiperspirant & 0.5 weight % fragrance composition No. 1         (Ex. 2.1)     -   IV) antiperspirant & 1 weight % fragrance composition No. 1 (Ex.         2.1)

50 mg of the resulting antiperspirant I)-IV) or 50 mg of PBS as control was added to Mattek skin cultures as described above, and after 24 h the level of PGE₂ in the culture medium was determined according to the procedure described above. The results are shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3 Level of PGE₂ in t-test vs culture medium control PBS 12.54 Composition I) 35.49 0.002 Composition II) 27.66 0.011 Composition III) 16.05 0.302 Composition IV) 9.48 0.368

As can be seen from the results above, antiperspirants formulated with conventional perfumes (i.e. composition I) and II)) led to significantly enhanced PGE₂ formation indicating an irritating nature of these products to the human skin, whereas upon treatment of EpiDerm with antiperspirants containing the inventive fragrance composition, no significantly enhanced PGE₂ levels were detected. All epidermal cultures retained 100% of the cellular viability showing that all the products are not cytotoxic. 

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 15. A topical skin care composition effective in reducing the onset of skin irritation caused by either environmental stresses or by stresses caused by the application of chemical compounds to skin, comprising the following actives: (a) at least one compound of the formula

wherein R is hydrogen or isopropyl; R¹ is methyl or ethyl; and R² is C₁-C₆ alkyl or C₂-C₆ alkenyl; or R¹ and R² together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C₅ or C₆ cycloalkyl ring; and the dotted line together with the carbon carbon bond represents a single bond or a double bond; (b) at least one compound of the formula

wherein Y is a C₄-C₇ hydrocarbon residue; and (c) a cosmetically acceptable carrier; wherein the total amount of actives (a) and (b) is 0.2 to 2 weight % based on the total weight of the topical skin care composition.
 16. A topical skin care composition according to claim 15, comprising as actives: (a) at least one compound selected from 2-cyclohexylidene-2-phenylacetonitrile, 2-cyclopentylidene-2-phenylacetonitrile and 3-ethyl-2-phenylpent-2-enenitrile; and (b) at least one compound selected from n-hexyl salicylate, cis-3-hexen-1-yl salicylate, cyclohexylsalicylate, amylsalicylate, isobutylsalicylate, and phenethyl salicylate.
 17. A topical skin care composition effective in reducing the onset of skin irritation caused by either environmental stresses or by stresses caused by the application of chemical compounds to skin, comprising as actives: (a) at least one compound of the formula

wherein R⁴ is methyl or ethyl and I) R³ is hydrogen and R⁵ is —CH₂—O—R⁶, wherein R⁶ is methyl or isopropyl; or II) R³ is —C(O)—R⁷, wherein R⁷ is benzyl, and R⁵ is —CH₂—CH═CH₂ (b) at least one compound of the formula

wherein R⁸ is methyl, C₃-C₄ alkyl, C₃-C₄ alkenyl, —(CH₂)₂-Ph, or —CH═CH-Ph; X is —CH═CH—CH₂— or —(CH₂)_(n)—, wherein n is 1 or 2; and R⁹ is isobutyl or phenylethyl; (c) a cosmetically acceptable carrier; wherein the total amount of the active (a) and (b) is 0.2 to 2 weight % based on the total weight of the topical skin care composition.
 18. A topical skin care composition according to claim 15, further comprising as further actives at least one compound of the formula

wherein R⁴ is methyl or ethyl and I) R³ is hydrogen and R⁵ is —CH₂—O—R⁶, wherein R⁶ is methyl or isopropyl; or II) R³ is —C(O)—R⁷, wherein R⁷ is benzyl, and R⁵ is —CH₂—CH═CH₂.
 19. A topical skin care composition according to claim 15, comprising as further actives at least one compound of the formula

wherein R⁸ is methyl, C₃-C₄ alkyl, C₃-C₄ alkenyl, —(CH₂)₂-Ph, or —CH═CH-Ph; X is —CH═CH—CH₂— or —(CH₂)_(n)—, wherein n is 1 or 2; and R⁹ is isobutyl or phenylethyl.
 20. A topical skin care composition comprising about 0.5 to about 3 weight % of a fragrance composition which fragrance comprises at least 30 weight % of at actives effective in reducing the onset of skin irritation caused by either environmental stresses or by stresses caused by the application of chemical compounds to skin, the actives comprising: (a) at least one compound of the formula

wherein R is hydrogen or isopropyl; R¹ is methyl or ethyl; and R² is C₁-C₆ alkyl or C₂-C₆ alkenyl; or R¹ and R² together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C₅ or C₆ cycloalkyl ring; and the dotted line together with the carbon-carbon bond represents a single bond or a double bond; and (b) at least one compound of the formula

wherein Y is a C₄-C₇ hydrocarbon residue.
 21. A topical skin care composition according to claim 15 wherein the skin composition is a cosmetic product.
 22. A fragrance composition comprising at least 30 weight % of at least two actives effective in reducing the onset of skin irritation caused by either environmental stresses or by stresses caused by the application of chemical compounds to skin, the at least two actives selected from the groups (a), (b), (c), (d), (e) an (f): (a) compounds of the formula

wherein R is hydrogen or isopropyl; R¹ is methyl or ethyl; and R² is C₁-C₆ alkyl or C₂-C₆ alkenyl; or R¹ and R² together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C₅ or C₆ cycloalkyl ring; and the dotted line together with the carbon carbon bond represents a single bond or a double bond; (b) compounds of the formula

wherein Y is a C₄-C₇ hydrocarbon residue; (c) compounds of the formula

wherein R⁴ is methyl or ethyl and I) R³ is hydrogen and R⁵ is —CH₂—O—R⁶, wherein R⁶ is methyl or isopropyl; or II) R³ is —C(O)—R⁷, wherein R⁷ is benzyl, and R⁵ is —CH₂—CH═CH₂, (d) compounds of the formula

wherein R⁸ is methyl, C₃-C₄ alkyl, C₃-C₄ alkenyl, —(CH₂)₂-Ph, or —CH═CH-Ph; X is —CH═CH—CH₂— or —(CH₂)_(n)—, wherein n is 1 or 2; and R⁹ is isobutyl or phenylethyl; (e) compounds of the formula

wherein R¹⁰ is hydrogen or methyl; and R¹¹ is a C₃-C₄ alkyl, e.g. isopropyl, isobutyl or tert-butyl, and (f) 2-heptylcyclopentanone, 2-ethoxynaphthalene, 2-methoxynaphthalene, 1-methoxy-4-(prop-1-enyl)benzene, and 1-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4-methoxybenzene.
 23. A fragrance composition according to claim 22 comprising at least two actives selected from at least two of groups (a), (b), (c), (d), (e) and (f).
 24. A fragrance composition according to claim 23 comprising at least 30 weight % comprising at least four actives selected from groups (a), (b), (c), (d), (e) and (f).
 25. A method of preparing topical skin care compositions comprising the step of: incorporating in the skin care composition at least one active compound effective in reducing the onset of skin irritation caused by either environmental stresses or by stresses caused by the application of chemical compounds to skin: wherein the at least one active compound is selected from the groups (a), (b), (c), (d), (e) and (f) consisting of: (a) compounds of the formula

wherein R is hydrogen or isopropyl; R¹ is methyl or ethyl; and R² is C₁-C₆ alkyl or C₂-C₆ alkenyl; or R¹ and R² together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C₅ or C₆ cycloalkyl ring; and the dotted line together with the carbon carbon bond represents a single bond or a double bond; (b) compounds of the formula

wherein Y is a C₄-C₇ hydrocarbon residue; (c) compounds of the formula

wherein R⁴ is methyl or ethyl and I) R³ is hydrogen and R⁵ is —CH₂—O—R⁶, wherein R⁶ is methyl or isopropyl; or II) R³ is —C(O)—R⁷, wherein R⁷ is benzyl, and R⁵ is —CH₂—CH═CH₂, (d) compounds of the formula

wherein R⁸ is methyl, C₃-C₄ alkyl, C₃-C₄ alkenyl, —(CH₂)₂-Ph, or —CH═CH-Ph; X is —CH═CH—CH₂— or —(CH₂)_(n)—, wherein n is 1 or 2; and R⁹ is isobutyl or phenylethyl; (e) compounds of the formula

wherein R¹⁰ is hydrogen or methyl; and R¹¹ is a C₃-C₄ alkyl, e.g. isopropyl, isobutyl or tert-butyl, and (f) 2-heptylcyclopentanone, 2-ethoxynaphthalene, 2-methoxynaphthalene, 1-methoxy-4-(prop-1-enyl)benzene and 1-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4-methoxybenzene. 